Tuesday, December 30, 2008
I happen to dug out this piece of info off the net. It shows much of China's culture and history when it started centuries back.
中国历史朝代公元对照简表
| 朝 代 | 起 讫 | 都 城 | 今 地 | |
| 夏 | 约前22世纪末—约前16世纪初 | 安邑 | 山西夏县 | |
| 阳翟 | 河南禹县 | |||
| 商① | 约前16世纪—约前11世纪 | 亳 | 河南商丘 | |
| 殷 | 河南安阳 | |||
| 周 | 西周 | 约前11世纪—前771② | 镐京 | 陕西西安 |
| 东周 | 前770—前256 | 洛邑 | 河南洛阳 | |
| 秦 | 前221—前206 | 咸阳 | 陕西咸阳 | |
| 汉 | 西汉③ | 前206—公元25 | 长安 | 陕西西安 |
| 东汉 | 25—220 | 洛阳 | 河南洛阳 | |
| 三国 | 魏 | 220-265 | 洛阳 | 河南洛阳 |
| 蜀 | 221-263 | 成都 | 四川成都 | |
| 吴 | 222-280 | 建业 | 江苏南京 | |
| 西晋 | 265-317 | 洛阳 | 河南洛阳 | |
| 东晋十六国 | 东晋 | 317-420 | 建康 | 江苏南京 |
| 十六国④ | 304-439 | — | — | |
| 南朝 | 宋 | 420-479 | 建康 | 江苏南京 |
| 齐 | 479-502 | 建康 | 江苏南京 | |
| 梁 | 502-557 | 建康 | 江苏南京 | |
| 陈 | 557-589 | 建康 | 江苏南京 | |
| 北朝 | 北魏 | 386-534 | 平城 | 山西大同 |
| 洛阳 | 河南洛阳 | |||
| 东魏 | 534-550 | 邺 | 河北临漳 | |
| 北齐 | 550-577 | 邺 | 河北临漳 | |
| 西魏 | 535-557 | 长安 | 陕西西安 | |
| 北周 | 557-581 | 长安 | 陕西西安 | |
| 隋 | 581-618 | 大兴 | 陕西西安 | |
| 唐 | 618-907 | 长安 | 陕西西安 | |
| 五代十国 | 后梁 | 907-923 | 汴 | 河南开封 |
| 后唐 | 923-936 | 洛阳 | 河南洛阳 | |
| 后晋 | 936-946 | 汴 | 河南开封 | |
| 后汉 | 947-950 | 汴 | 河南开封 | |
| 后周 | 951-960 | 汴 | 河南开封 | |
| 十国⑤ | 902-979 | — | — | |
| 宋 | 北宋 | 960-1127 | 开封 | 河南开封 |
| 南宋 | 1127-1279 | 临安 | 浙江杭州 | |
| 辽 | 907-1125 | 皇都(上京) | 辽宁巴林右旗 | |
| 西夏 | 1038-1227 | 兴庆府 | 宁夏银川 | |
| 金 | 1115-1234 | 会宁 | 阿城(黑龙江) | |
| 中都 | 北京 | |||
| 开封 | 河南开封 | |||
| 元 | 1206-1368 | 大都 | 北京 | |
| 明 | 1368-1644 | 北京 | 北京 | |
| 清 | 1616-1911 | 北京 | 北京 | |
| 中华民国 | 1912-1949 | 南京 | 江苏南京 | |
| 中华人民共和国1949年10月1日成立，首都北京。 | ||||
| 附注： ① 约公元前14世纪盘庚迁都于殷，此后商也成为殷。 ② 公元前841年(西周共和元年)为中国历史确切纪年的开始。 ③ 包括王莽建立的“新”王朝(公元8年—23年)。王莽时期，爆发大规模的农民起义，建立了农民政权。公元23年，新王莽政权灭亡。公元25年，东汉王朝建立。 ④ 这时期，在我国北方，先后存在过一些封建政权，其中有：汉(前赵)、成(成汉)、前凉、后赵魏)、前燕、前秦、后燕、后秦、西秦、后凉、南凉、北凉、南燕、西凉、北燕、夏等国，历史上叫做“十六国”。 ⑤ 这时期，除后梁、后唐、后晋、后汉、后周外，还先后存在过一些封建政权，其中有：吴、前蜀、吴越、楚、闽、南汉、荆南(南平)、后蜀、南唐、北汉等国，历史上叫做“十国”。 |
Info taken from : 汉典
天安门广场
The 天安门 that we see today, is actually a massive renovation during the Qing dynasty from 承天门(named duringYuan Dynasty) after it was destroyed by a fire. Over a period of 500 years, Tian an men has witnessed alot of the historical moments of China. The June Fourth Incident (6 April 1989), resulting in the deaths of many students. Seriously, I don't even have the actual figures. Don't think they have it anyway. China being a communist state, has censored all relevant information pertaining to that incident in China. 1989 was the period when anti communism spirits was high in China due to the influence of Mikhail Gorbachev, the USSR ruler who introduced democracy to the communist rule (that actually resulted in the collapse of USSR in 1990).
http://ly.beijing.cn/jcdsy/jdy/n214072604.shtml
http://www.boxun.com/hero/64/2_1.shtml
人民英雄纪念堂
长城
明皇十三陵
In 1368, Yuan Dynasty was overthrown. "明太祖", 朱元璋 formed the Ming Dynasty with Nanjing (Nanking) as the capital. Under him, they changed Beijing's old name, "元大都" to "北平" and destroyed all Yuan's Palace, which is why tourists don't get to see them today. 朱元璋 died in 1398, passing the throne over to his grandson, Jian Wen Di. He did not manage to rule the nation for a substantial period of time as his uncle, 燕王朱棣 rebel against him, turning himself into the 3rd Emperor of Ming Dynasty, 明成祖. At the same time, they moved the capital palace back to 北平 and renaming 北平 to 北京 due to its strategic location。
There is also a story behind why there are only 13 Ming's tomb at Beijing for you to read it up yourself. =P
Some interesting facts though, 朱元璋 was an orphan, a monk and a beggar for a period of time before he joined the farmers to overthrow the Yuan Dynasty. I've heard about him from my immersion trip tour guide, and my daddy. He seems to be an interesting person to analyse and read on. =)
More information can be found at:
http://zhidao.baidu.com/question/5954079.html
http://baike.baidu.com/view/3371.htm
（什刹海）后海胡同、四合院
国子监 (China's Imperial College)、孔庙
Built in the 10th year of Dada in Yuan Dynasty, Hubilie, Shizu of Yuan dynasty established the institute aim to stregthen his govern and drew over scholars of Han nationality in serving the country.
The Temple of Confucisan was built somewhere near by in the 6th year of Dade (1302). It was the place to offer sacrifices to Confucian in three dynasties of Yuan, Ming and Qing. It was set up for the same purpose as the College.
Taken from : the book, Tour Beijing
西什库教堂
If you are familiar Chinese history, you would have heard of the Boxers rebellion. It was an attack against the foreigners in China, spearheaded by a secret society in China. At that point of time, during Cixi's time, there's alot of uncertainty in the nation. The church is one of the location where foreigners are attacked. At least 250 foreigners were killed during the rebellion. Nevertheless, the greatest suffering was borne by Chinese Christians, who had been labeled traitors and had nowhere to hide.
More information can be found at:
http://www.summer-palace.info/summer105.htm
http://www.chinese-forums.com/showthread.php?t=13052
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empress_Dowager_Cixi
宣武门天主堂
Built in 1605, the shunzhi Emperor of the Qing Dynasty has visited the church for about 24 times during his lifetime. At then, he has also given the church an inscribed board “通微佳境”. During the Dynastic time, it is meant to be an honour for someone to receive anything from the Emperor, especially an inscribed board.
颐和园
The present day Summer Palace that Cixi used the miliary funds to build during a period of unrest in the kingdom. It was supposed to build in replacement of the old Summer palace which was destroyed during the war.
More info from:
http://www.summer-palace.info/index.htm
圆明园
天坛
It's always good to read up the informaton before traveling. And I so happen to love history and culture. =)
ending off with a cute little picture of the two new friends..
=)
Labels: 中国历史朝代公元对照简表，北京行程表
2:45 PM